Research Paper Outline on Violence in Media Contributes to...

Research paper outline/Annotated bibliography Introduction The media is generally seen by people as a way of conveying the truth. If something is seen on TV, has been heard on the radio or something has been read in the newspapers then it is perceived as being the truth. Throughout history the media has been used as a tool to convey different messages to people. The issue of the behavior of children when exposed to violence on media has been an issue to be debated upon and studied for a very long time. There are many devices that children have access to of late which include video games, iPods, iPads, DVDs, computers and so on. Children are often said to be impressionable, this means that they do not see the world in the same way as adults do. Children tend to see things the way they are. They take things literally as they do not posses the sensibilities that are sophisticated to make a distinction between reality and fiction (Limit TV, 2010). It is a matter of great importance how much of media content children are exposed to and what exactly they are viewing on media. The issue of violence is not a new phenomenon among children and keeps increasing with time and change in technology and information technology. The causes of violence in children are seen to be multifactorial and exposure of children to media violence is said to be an important factor when it comes to the etiology of behaviors that are violent among children. There are a lot of violent behaviors shownShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Young People And Children2509 Words   |  11 Pagesand aggression draws on the very large literature on media violence effects. Additionally, there are theoretical reasons to believe that video game effects should be stronger than a movie or television violence effects. This paper outlines what is known about the relationship between violent video-game playing and aggression. Also, to determine other factors apart from video games that contribute to anti-social behavior in young people and children, and to identify countermeasures that can be put inRead MoreCase Analysis : Adrian Bailey Jailed For Life For Murder Of Jill Meagher By Oliver Milman2128 Words   |  9 Pageshighly publicised criminal case can subsequently initiate expert and public research into the reasoning behind crimes and the certain motives or influences behind the offenders actions. The horrific case of Jill Meagher occure d in September of 2012. Her Murder took place in the suburb of Brunswick, Melbourne, where she was abducted, brutally raped and murdered in a dark laneway. This particular case received a high level of media coverage across Australia resulting in public outrage and uttermost disgustRead MoreThe Role Of Sports Participation And Deviance2141 Words   |  9 Pagesparticipation, youth will discover cognitive skills, empowerment, and mature character that will teach them to enhance their talents and contribute to a healthy, non-deviant lifestyle. Chapter Two (Review of the Literature) Due to youth violence becoming more and more progressive, according to Moesch, Birrer and Seiler (2010), youth violence has become a major concern, with media reports implicitly suggesting that adolescents are becoming more and more delinquent. Moesch et al (2010) state that to date,Read MoreThe Role Of Media And Its Functionality2971 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction In an effort to understand the media and its functionality, it is my belief that one needs to go back to inception to get a fair understanding. The twentieth century was an era that saw an explosion of mass media however, prior to the late 1980s; the only form of mass media that was prominent of that time was literature. It was noted that back in these times, the average person had to get by with music and oral storytelling or live action media through the form of plays or even gladiatorialRead MoreVideo Games: A Rising Instigator2635 Words   |  11 Pagestechnology. Most of todays kids are exposed to games every day, whether its at home, school, or around the community in advertisements. Many of todays games include violence and weapons used to kill each other, or others on the game. Since these types of games were introduced violence among young kids has increased. In this paper we will 1) define the problem more in depth and show the extent of the problem around the community an d 2) explore possible solutions and the best possible solution toRead MoreEffects of Reading Comic Books5082 Words   |  21 PagesEffects of Reading Comic Books on the Young Reader OUTLINE TITLE: EFFECTS OF READING COMIC BOOKS ON YOUNG READERS INTRODUCTION I. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW A. Rise of the Comic Strip B. The Comic Book Superheroes C. The Philippine Comic Book Industry II. COMIC BOOK CHARACTERISTICS A. Unique Characteristics B. Parts of the Comic Book C. Comic Book Genres III. EFFECTS OF COMIC BOOKS A. Negative Effects of Reading Comic Books B. Positive Effects of Reading Comic Books CONCLUSIONRead Moreageisum2235 Words   |  9 Pages Modern society view’s aging as a form of sickness and the elderly as persons who are closer to dying and death. This is what is often portrayed in our mass and social media. When considering issues of aging sociologists have found that more positive characteristics are often said for persons under sixty five years than for over sixty five years. For instance , growth and development, beauty, good health, happiness are more likely to be listed as characteristics of being under sixtyRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 Pagesmultidimensional, in that it links education with a range of activities that address the root causes of violence, from human security to sustainable development. The goal of UNESCO’s education programmes and partnerships is the development of comprehensive systems of education that embrace the values of human rights, intercultural understanding and tolerance. Education for peace and non-violence promotes the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours that reflect and inspire these values. âž ¢Read More Theories of Aggression Essay2327 Words   |  10 PagesHarris and Dylan Klebold, of Columbine High School, shocked the nation when they entered the school armed with guns and explosives, killing fellow students and a teacher before taking their own lives. Stories of random violence and aggression such as this all too often plague the media. While the attention of the nation has recently been focused on the Colorado slayings, history reveals countless other similar crimes of aggression targeted towards innocent individuals. In both Nazi Germany and the moreRead MoreEssay on Human Trafficking: Modern-Day Slavery3573 Words   |  15 PagesAmerican government’s current response to combat sex trafficking has been more robust of late, it is imperative that results follow from these improved efforts. Sex -trafficking, defined by the U.S. Department of State’s Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, is, â€Å"the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act† (TVPA, 2000). Many sex trafficking victims are transported and concealed in establishments that

How Research on Artificial Intelligence is Inspired from...

The human brain can certainly be considered to be one of the most impressive organs, especially taking into account that it has inspired many individuals who wanted to create artificial intelligence through the ages. By observing how the left and the right hemispheres of the brain function individuals have been enabled to associate concepts attributed to each hemisphere to particular functions. Information is presently stored in artificial systems similar to how it is stored in the brain as a result of the fact that experts have gained a better understanding of how the brain works. Information is coded, stored, and used in artificial intelligence machines through designing computational areas that behave similar to the two brain hemispheres. In spite of the fact that research has experienced much progress in the field of artificial intelligence inspired from brain functioning, experts continue to experience problems in trying to understand how certain areas of the brain work. People are typically accustomed to consider that the brain is a biological entity and that it would thus be absurd to create links between it and artificial intelligence. Computers can process information more effectively if they are provided with the ability to filter information similar to how each hemisphere deals with particular information. It is essential for these machines to be able to do so, considering that they otherwise have problems assigning tasks to certain areas. Researchers haveShow MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence During The World Today855 Words   |  4 Pages Artificial Intelligence in The World Today The 19th and 20th Centuries came in a wave of technological advances that have become intertwined in humanity. Smartphones are the most commonly used technology that contain artificial intelligence today. Artificial intelligence continues to advance and expand surpassing the aspiring ideas from the 1920’s. Artificial Intelligence has a strong impact on the future. In fact, IBM’s â€Å"question answering machine† (Markoff 212), Watson, confirmed the advancesRead MoreHuman Intelligence And Artificial Intelligence1233 Words   |  5 Pagesthan often, we encounter the idea of computers becoming smarter and surpassing the human brain; opinions like these are accepted by the general public and are perceived skeptical by scientists, psychologists, and philosophers alike. The concern is not between machine and brain, but whether human ingenuity is as exceptional as or better than nature itself. The human being, a natural part of the world, has evolved from lower organisms to much higher, complex creatures; eventually the evolutionary processRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Is The Intelligence Exhibited By Machines Or Software1621 Words   |  7 Pages Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is also the name of the academic field of study which studies how to create computers and computer s oftware that are capable of intelligent behavior. Major AI researchers and textbooks define this field as the study and design of intelligent agents, in which an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the termRead MoreComputers and Human-Level Intelligence Essays1498 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"when computers will attain human-level intelligence† Natalie Wolchover states. The singularity is projected to arrive sometime around 2030 -2040, but it could occur sooner depending on how computer technology develops. Wolchover states: Physicist, author and self-described futurist Ray Kurzweil has predicted that computers will come to par with humans within two decades. He told Time Magazine last year that engineers will successfully reverse-engineer the human brain by the mid-2020s, and by theRead MoreARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE6331 Words   |  26 PagesARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Contents : Abstract : Introduction : History : Concepts : Branches of AI : Artificial Intelligence in fiction : Problems o 7.1 Deduction, reasoning, problem solving o 7.2 Knowledge representation o 7.3 Planning o 7.4 Learning o 7.5 Motion manipulation o 7.6 Perception o 7.7 Social intelligence o 7.8 Creativity o 7.9 General intelligence ï‚ · VIII : Tools o 8.1 Search optimization o 8.2 Logic o 8.3 Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning Read MoreAnalyzing The Field Of Big Data954 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature review: To address the question of how and what techniques has been used to manages this big amount of data or in the field of Big Data, I review some research papers and review articles in the field of Big Data. This paper provides the synthesis of those papers which I found relevant to this field. This paper will focus on the following things: †¢ What are the technologies being used in Big data? †¢ Which technology is suitable for which type of data? †¢ Current trends in Big Data fieldRead MoreA Case Study1745 Words   |  7 Pagesof robots helping drugs crime investigators. They thought I was insane, says Richard Soh, Head of Investigation Support at Singapores Central Narcotics Bureau (2017). To help in tranquillize wrongdoing examinations, Soh is portraying the answer from some of his partners when he initially presented utilizing mechanical autonomy. Due to the nations maturing populace, like numerous other government association in Singapore, CNB is confronting a lack of labour. In the meantime, medicate agents areRead MoreEssay on The Applications of Artificial Intelligence5047 Words   |  21 PagesThe Applications of Artificial Intelligence Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that studies the computational requirements for tasks such as perception, reasoning, and learning, and develops systems to perform those tasks. AI is a diverse field whose researchers address a wide range of problems, use a variety of methods, and pursue a spectrum of scientific goals. For example, some researchers study the requirements for expert performance at specializedRead MoreCould A Machine Be Conscious2962 Words   |  12 Pages1 Could a machine be conscious? This question is often dismissed as simple by those that would say â€Å"yes† in response. The usual claim made by the pro camp is that man is a ‘biological machine’ and is conscious, ergo, a machine is conscious. If we, humans, are truly biological machines and we are at the same time conscious then I would agree that yes, categorically, a machine could be conscious. But is it really that simple? I contend that it is a more difficult problem but not that it is a complicatedRead MoreArtificial Intelligence and Its Characteristics3611 Words   |  15 Pages TERM PAPER â€Å"Artificial Intelligence† Submitted by: Resuello, John Paul C. BSCoE I-1 Submitted to: Atty. Georgina Peniaranda English Professor TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction A. Definition of AI and related terms B. History II. AI Research A. Areas of research 1. Problem Solving 2. Natural Languages 3. Expert System 4. Robotics B. Problems encountered during research 1. Knowledge

James Holmes s View On Mental Illness - 1390 Words

On July 20, 2012 James Holmes enter a theater in Aurora Colorado and shot and killed 12 people. Attorneys tested Holmes and called for a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist stated that Holmes was so crazy that he could not distinguish what’s right and what’s wrong during the period he committed the crime. Dr Jonathan Woodcock interviewed Holmes during the time he was in jail on July 24 just four days after the shooting occurred for two hours duration. Holmes’s testimony drew questions from prosecutors that doubted his analyzation of Holmes being severe delusional during the mass shooting. Doctor claimed that they found Holmes suffering from severe mental illness and because of that it made him act violently. Holmes thought that if he snitch and went on and told the public of attempting to kill strangers he would be obligated to pay for the consequences. Doctors testified that one of Holmes delusion was to go out and do what he had to do. Woodcock was a witness by the defense to purpose the idea that Holmes was indeed crazy the moment he shot and killed people dead. Before the shooting occurred Holmes had already symptoms of mental illness disorder which made him anxious and stress and committed the crime. In differ to Woodcock‘s finding the court had appointed psychiatrist who had examined Holmes prior to the shootings and after the shootings. They found out the Holmes was mentally ill but had capability of what’s rights and what s wrong. Even if Holmes had capabilityShow MoreRelatedJames Holmes s View On Mental Illness1066 Words   |  5 Pages On July 20, 2012 James Holmes enter a theater in Aurora Colorado and shot and killed 12 people. Attorneys tested Holmes and called for a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist stated that Holmes was so crazy that he could not distinguish what’s right and what’s wrong during the period he committed the crime. Dr Jonathan Woodcock interviewed Holmes during the time he was in jail on J uly 24 just four days after the shooting occurred for two hours duration. Holmes’s testimony drew questions from prosecutorsRead MoreJames Holmes s Theory Of Social Control Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesJames Eagan Holmes was born December 13, 1987. Holmes is now identified as a mass murder after murdering 12 people and wounding 70 in a shooting that took place at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado. Heterotypic continuity best described James Holmes behavior throughout his life. His underlying developmental process impairment stayed the same, but the way he acted them out drastically changed leading to the mass shooting. This impairment being James’ antisocial behavior. I would look at James HolmesRead MorePersonal Statement On Bad Behavior1677 Words   |  7 Pagesis healthy and functioning the way it should be. Many people have doctor’s visits for regular check ups even without any sign of a health issue. For counseling on the other hand, it is seen as a support system for people who are having â€Å"unhealthy† mental issues. Since a doctor is seen just to be sure that your body is working well, shouldn’t it be the same for your brain too? In many cases, bad behavior in children and adults has to do with how your life is affecting your emotions. Although it mayRead MoreGun Control And Gun Violence1172 Words   |  5 Pagescontributor to the National Review Post wrote that strict laws against guns won’t prevent gun violence. He proves this idea by providing a list of massacres that occurred. James Holmes killed 12 people at a movie theater in Colorado. Holmes legally purchased two 4 guns. All the weapons were purchased from licensed dealers, and Holmes passed background checks on each occasion. Ian Lee Stawicki murdered five people at a Cafà © in Seattle. He too legally purchased 6 guns. Stawicki not only passed backgroundRead MoreGuns Don t Kill People1654 Words   |  7 Pagesallowed to own a fire arm. Gu ns are a mean of survival and protection and always will be. They should run background checks on everyone who tries to purchase a gun. They should not sell them to people that are mentally ill or have other types of mental disorders. Guns should only be sold to people that have not committed any violent crimes. This would stop a lot of crimes concerning weapons that occur in America today. Guns should be sold to people for protection and hunting. Also, banding gunsRead MoreThe Second Amendment Of The United States2402 Words   |  10 Pagesstated that if a firearm were small enough to be concealed on a person, then that firearm had to be registered with the state. Many believe this bill was used to test the waters for further gun control laws in the future. It wasn t until the 1930’s when opponents of the second amendment started to take action at the federal level. One law that was established at this time was the National Firearms Act of 1934. The National firea rms Act stated that any weapon considered a machine gun or shortRead More Occupational Stress Essay2811 Words   |  12 Pages(Evans, Cohen 1987). Psychological stressors could be items such as conflicting views with your manager or, seemingly unattainable deadlines. Problems at home may compound these issues when they are presented in an occupational situation. Stress may be caused by many different situations in the various environments that we are a part of each day. Some social stress factors may be measured by Life Crisis Units (LCU) (Holmes and Rahe, 1967). This scale is used to aid in evaluation of, but not predictRead MoreAmerican Psycho : Does Insanity Negate Responsibility?3774 Words   |  16 PagesInsanity Negate Responsibility? Insanity has made a particularly notable transition into the public eye over the past century. In America, this shift into visibility was marked mostly by Ted Bundy, Ed Gein, John Hinckley, Jr., and - most recently - James Holmes. Before -- and even while -- these individuals provided for nationwide, landmark exposure and attention to crimes committed by the mentally ill, certain precedents set by the Supreme Court further shaped how Americans viewed the culpability ofRead MoreHsc 3008 Implement Therapeutic Group Activities5800 Words   |  24 Pages Article Non-pharmacological interventions in dementia Simon Douglas, Ian James and Clive Ballard Simon Douglas is a clinical research nurse at the Wolfson Research Centre in Newcastle upon Tyne. He is currently coordinating a number of studies, particularly on dementia in nursing and residential homes and providing input into a new trial of non-pharmacological interventions for dementia. Ian James is a consultant clinical psychologist at the Centre for the Health of the Elderly atRead MoreThe Effects on Media Violence Essay1874 Words   |  8 PagesUnfortunately, after researching this topic it is clear that it is no longer possible to say violent media is completely harmless. Videogames and television do have harmful effects on children and young adults. Research has been done since the 1950’s and almost all studies show clear evidence that media violence does cause increased violent tendencies, desensitization, and antisocial behavior – which is the same as sociopathic and psychopathic behavior, it does not mean introverted. Understanding

Management Theories - 1287 Words

After the end of the Industrial Revolution, large corporations were beginning to grow in size and power in order to satisfy what seemed the endless demands for new goods and services. As corporations and labor forces grew, there was a need to develop a more systematic study of organization and management, known as management theory, the significant being Frederick Taylor s Principles of Scientific Management which involved the development of training workers through special incentives and compensation (Boone p.33). In general, early management scientists tended to believe that there was a single way to organize companies and manage employees. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were initial attempts for launching a systematic†¦show more content†¦Follett realized that leadership did not consist of a manager dominating the actions of his or her employees but rather there were many requisites that were needed for successful leadership that required cooperation among a leader and his followers. Followers have the role to keep their leader in control of the situation by providing suggestions, informing the leader of any problems, and pointing out orders that need to be corrected. However, as Drucker pointed out, Follett s ideas were beyond her time (Forbes p.170); the theories of leadership during her era said that the leaders lead because they had certain personal qualities that could not be learned while Follett pointed out that anyone could learn to be a leader (Boone p.150). Since Follett had made the assumption leadership was a learned quality when the management theories at the time had assumed otherwise; her theories about leadership would have to wait for decades before they could be fully appreciated in management science. Case: What are the significant changes in management theories? Over the past few decades, managers have realized that the motivational capacity of most organizations has a significant impact on the productivity and on the profitability of a firm. Much of the old paradigms regarding management theories have focused extensively on a single way of developing worker productivity and motivation in the firm through theShow MoreRelatedTerror Management Theory1289 Words   |  6 Pagesboth humans and animals, the understanding of one’s own mortality is uniquely human. How do we, as humans, deal with the terror that is associated with this knowledge? According to Terror Management Theory (TMT), developed by Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczynski (1989), the need for â€Å"terror management† is a fundamental function possessed by humans and cultural systems. Based on the writings of anthropologist Ernest Becker and inspired by Freud’s work on how death provo kes belief in mysticalRead MoreManagement Theory And Management Theories1254 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of developing the management theories is to bring out better ways to manage people. According to Aguinaldo Powell (2002), management theory evolves con-stantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa. As essential personnel identify promising methods that assist in managing responsibilities, it will lead to management theories progressing. This paper will il-lustrate how management theories have emerged over theRead MoreManagement Theory And Management Theories1272 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of developing the management theories is to bring out better ways to manage people. According to Aguinaldo Powell (2002), management theory evolves con-stantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa. As essential person nel identify promising methods that assist in managing responsibilities, it will lead to management theories progressing. This paper will il-lustrate how management theories have emerged over theRead MoreManagement Theories And Management Theory1003 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Theories Management theory can be used in many organizations when starting out a business. It addresses how managers and leaders relate to their organization in the knowledge of their goals. It implements on how to set the goals and motivate their employees to perform in a high standard. Management theory consist of three important aspects operation strategy, innovation management and process management. Operation Strategy is to maximize the effectiveness of the whole production, butRead MoreManagement Theories Of Management Theory2222 Words   |  9 PagesManagement Theories Evolution Management practice cannot exist without the support of a theory. The complex character of management as the scholarly discipline, the variety of opinions concerning the essence and content of management theory, require systematizing knowledge about this phenomenon. Management theory is a relatively new science since its systematic development and academic research has started mostly in the 20th century. Although it is difficult to name the most important theories andRead MoreThe Theory Of Management And Management1690 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Management is one of the remarkable activities within human society began with a group or to an larger organization that are able to accomplish a same goals and objectives, by defining what is management and how is important to human being society many management theorists have produces (many models that can be used for successful organization change and winners respond to the past and complexity of change and adapt learn and act quickly (Mildred,G. Sonia T. 2008 ) different theories or viewsRead MoreThe Contingency Management Theory And Management Theories1164 Words   |  5 Pagesof management, understand different management theories and to apply them appropriately depending on the organization, the mission and the situation. Flexibility is one of the greatest traits a manager can possess in an extremely competitive market. One management theory that subscribes to flexibility is the contingency management theory. Adaptability is crucial in today’s business environment, especially for organizations trying to remain significant in global industries. All management theoriesRead MoreThe Theory Of Management And The Scientific Management Theory Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of management date back to the beginning of times. Every aspect of life contains some form of management. From managing oneself, to managing employees, to managing an entire corporation, management is a key part of life. Over time different theories have been developed and have evolved. Some of the first theories ever explored include the administrative management theory and the scientific management theory. While both of these theories were studied in depth, I believe that one of the greatestRead MoreManagement Theory Of Management And Management937 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber of theories have been used in company management. However, management of company could not be effective if only rely on theories. In fact, a good company development requires not only suitable theories selection but also consistency with practice in appropriate organization environment. Further, a company’s successful also need team work, creatively to together process. This essay focuses on how to make the company management effectively with some cases. There is no doubt that theory of managementRead MoreEvolution Of Management Theory And Management Theories2135 Words   |  9 PagesEvolution of Management Theory Jamal Roberts Pasco Hernando State College Evolution of Management Theory In reality, every person in a management position handles the way that they do their job differently. Management is one of the most important parts of an organization, if not the most important. However, the development of management in organizations has changed dramatically from the late eighteenth century to now. In the eighteenth century, managers relied on power and setting strict

Gwen Harwood Essay free essay sample

Opportunities for an individual to develop understanding of themselves stem from the experiences attained on their journey through life. The elements which contribute to life are explored throughout Gwen Harwood’s poems, At Mornington and Mother Who Gave Me Life, where the recollection of various events are presented as influences on the individual’s perception of the continuity of life. Both poems examine the connections between people and death in relation to personal connections with the persona’s father or mother. By encompassing aspects of human nature and life’s journey, Harwood addresses memories and relationships which contribute to one’s awareness of life. Memories and meandering thoughts, related to personal experiences, are explored throughout At Mornington where the persona shifts between the past and present and dreams and reality. This is similar to Father and Child where Barn Owl is set in past test and Nightfall is set in the present, symbolic of appreciation and understanding of the complexities of life which the child learns. The post coital moment and ensuing spiritual freedom, metaphoric for artistic freedom, is equated with the resurrection; the sacrifice of the spirit by artists for earthly, and in Harwood’s case domestic considerations; reminiscent of Christ’s sacrifice for humanity. Irrespective of the author’s gender, equating lovemaking to religion would have compounded controversy; however I believe is a mechanism Harwood uses to emphasize the enormity of the sacrifice expected of women (QUESTION). Harwood continues imagery of entrapment; and through personification juxtaposes heart and spirit â€Å"As the heart from its prison cries to the spirit walking above†; this analogy of the irreconcilable human desires of creativity and domesticity reflective of her personal context. Harwood’s attempt to derive meaning from her experience is concluded by acceptance of the conflicting roles of women; alliteration, enjambment and the resigned tone â€Å"falls from its dream to the deep to harrow heart’s prison so the heart may waken† providing the necessary insight into the human experience. (QUESTION) Whilst â€Å"Triste Triste†, seeks to reconcile the dichotomy within oneself, â€Å"Father and Child† looks outward in Harwood’s examination of her dynamic patriarchal relationship. Father and Child† is a diptych, two thematically linked poems, which similar to â€Å"Triste Triste† captures a concrete moment in time and then discusses the abstract to demonstrate the (QUESTION continuity of human experiance) The meditative voice characteristic of â€Å"Triste Triste† is adopted; â€Å"Barn Owl† a retrospective recount of a seminal childhood experience involving the unwitting destruction of innocence, whilst â€Å"Nightfall† concludes with the poets acceptance of temporal boundaries. Harwood’s Romantic influences are exhibited through examination of childhood innocence and incorporation of the owl, simultaneously symbolizing death and wisdom. Biblical imagery and binary opposition of morning and evil, â€Å"I rose blessed by the sun a horny fiend† is unconventional, however I feel is feminist choice not to sentimentalize the cruelty of a young female child. My view is evidenced by the reference â€Å"my father’s gun†; the gun, a phallic symbol of power. The formulistic construction and simplistic language echo a child’s understanding of the world, enhanced by the synecdoche â€Å"beak and claw†. Harwood’s repeated references to literal and figurative blindness; â€Å"daylight riddled eyes†, â€Å"owl-blind† echo Shakespeare’s King Lear, and are metaphoric of the child’s ignorance. The child believing â€Å"death clean and final not this obscene† is left reeling, highlighted through alliteration and (QUESTION)grotesque imagery â€Å"stuff that dropped and dribbled through loose straw tangling in bowels†. Harwood’s use of imperative voice, father commanding â€Å"End what you have begun† is indicative of the child’s forced transition from innocence to experience. â€Å"Nightfall† effectively conveys the (QUESTION continuity of human experience) by elucidating the stages of life and evolving father-daughter dynamic. Alongside the father’s paradoxical state of innocence, denoted through irony â€Å"passionate face grown to ancient innocence†, the tone becomes increasingly subdued. Harwood’s adherence to conventional rhyme, metre and syntax are undoubted Romantic conventions, but I believe are connected with her musical background, music a catalyst to establish the (QUESTION continuity of human experience). This is furthered by the simile â€Å"as a string near breaking point†, highlighting the tension between capturing a moment and recognition of life’s transience. The juxtaposition of nature flourishing whilst the father withers, â€Å"Birds crowd in flowering trees†, illustrates human mortality, reinforced by the King Lear allusion â€Å"Be your tears wet.

Foundations of Australia Taxation Law

Question: Discuss about the Foundations of Australia Taxation Law. Answer: Introduction The report is based on the case study for assessing the residential status for the purpose of the tax. The case study is based on the Taxation law of Australia, which will help in getting clear and advance knowledge in respect of Australia taxation with the applicability of law in practical issue. The report mainly concentrates on the specific area of the federal taxation system, income tax, fringe benefit, etc., The report contains the detailed explanation of the law, acts, and policies coming under Australian Taxation. The case is related with Stephanie Rogan, her husband Ronald and Rogan Advertising in which both of them are an employee. The assessment will be done by looking to relevant law and rules related to taxation ruling and residency test of the Australia. During the residency test, four of the major test has been taken into consideration. Residency Status The Residency Status and measurable income of taxpayer of Australia are stated under section "6 5(2)" and "6 10(4)" of "ITA Act 1997". These sections will provide rules and regulations for the assessment of statutory income which will be received from any source of income. So, it is very necessary for determining the residential status of a person as well as company for paying tax, prior for calculating income (Austlii.edu.au.2016). The section 6 ITA Act 1936 is applicable for an individual. It states the individual is said to be a permanent resident of Australia if he is living in Australia for six months or more of income year or a participant in the Superannuation Fund. Under this section, there is four test of residency, i.e., ordinary concepts, permanent place of Adobe test, superannuation fund test and 183 day test. "Para 19 under IT 2650" defines that an individual was leaving the Australia for a temporary time will be considered as resident in Australia, the as per the ordinary test an individual will be taken as resident of Australia for assessing the tax. "Para 21 under IT 2650" defines that an individual leaving the Australia for temporary time will be taken as domicile, unless and until he is settled as a taxpayer by the another domicile. In the given case both Stephanie and Ronald are resident Australia for computing tax which is applicable on the under the given rules, i.e., under "Section 6 ITA Act 1936" and "IT Ruling no. 2650" (Law.ato.gov.au.2016). The "section 6 ITA Act 1936" is also applicable in the case of Australia. It is defined as company will be taken as resident company only if it has origination in Australia or carry out its operation or the enterprise is controlled or the shareholder of the company is situated in Australia. In the above case study Rogan Advertising is fulfilling all the criteria, so it is considered as resident company for assessing the tax. Stephanies Measurable income The statutory income will be coming under section 6 5 of ITA Act 1997. It is defined as income got as per ordinary concept and using it as ordinary income. The income which is under measurable income, whereas it is not an ordinary income can be referred to statutory income is coming under section 6 10 ITA Act 1997. The ordinary income will be coming under section 6 5 of ITA Act 1997 like income arise from personal use, income from operations of business, income arise from property and from schemes of profit making (Ato.gov.au.2016). Taxation Ruling 2001/8 explains that personal service of business will be applicable only to those person whose ordinary and statutory income are only achieved through personal skill and individual effort. Rogan Advertising is running its business only through personal skill and individual effort so it will be coming under personal service business. Rewards and payments received which will be incidental to employment will be coming under service of pe rsonal business. In the given case study Rogan Advertising is giving salary of $ 80000 to Stephanie this salary is coming under personal exertion so it will be included as measurable income. Ordinary income is the profit which is earned from the business. Measurable income of resident who is the shareholder of a company will have given the dividend from the income of company comes under Section 44 ITA Act 1936. Under Section 6 ITA Act 1936, if a company receives dividends will be considered as passive income and will be considered as measurable income. Income from property is said to be rent and will be considered as ordinary income so it is taxable under section 6 ITA Act 1936 (Legislation.gov.au.2016). The rent will be equally distributed because it is jointly owned and income will be taxable. Income received from personal service income will be considered as primary because the income is received from personal skill and effort of the person paying tax is coming under section 84 5 of ITA Act 1997. On the given case, Stephanie is receiving income by giving lecture to the student of Monash University, which is coming under personal service so it will be considered as measurable income (Austlii.edu.au.2016). Ronalds Measurable income Under section 6 5 ITA Act 1997 says that income achieved from personal exertion will be considered as ordinary income. Income got from personal exertion will be coming under income achieved about employment. In the above case study, Ronald is employed in Rogan Advertising and getting salary of $ 80000 this salary in coming under personal exertion and it will be coming under measurable income of the person paying tax. Income from rent is an ordinary income, that to if the property is jointly owned then the income will be distributed proportionately among the taxpayer. In the above given case, the property is jointly owned by the Ronald and Stephanie, even it was leased on rent, so income received from that source will be coming under measurable income of Ronald (Legislation.gov.au.2016). Rogan advertisings Measurable income Income which is received by company is almost under the head of measurable income. The income which is subject to tax is called as measurable income. Measurable income of company will be included in Ordinary course for operating business like selling of the trading stocks and giving services. The proceeds from the earning and excluding the profit of the business are coming under the measurable income of the company. Measurable income of company does not include income from hobby, prizes and gifts which is not related to the business. The amount which will be coming under measurable income of the company is decided on the accounting method is to be followed by business. Basically, there are two accounting method, first is cash basis and actual basis. The exact process for measuring income according to Taxation rule is earning method. Deduction can be claimed on the expense of the business only when the expense is used for running the business and earning it. Taxation Rule - 97/7 defin es the incurred term. The incurred term is not defined under general of Para 6 of Taxation Rule 97/7 when expense will incur. The general rule will be only applicable if taxpayer will be required to pay and also has not yet paid in the present year but he is presently under the liability of tax. If operating expense have actually incurred it can be claimed as deduction in the present year. So these expense will be included in wages, salary etc. Expense which has capital nature will be claimed over a time period. The cost which is relation to asset and has life for more than a year, in that case total cost will not be treated as current year purchased rather depreciation is calculated. In the above given case study Rogan Advertising is giving advertising services and fees received through this will be coming under measurable income. Received fees from the company are not mentioned in the given case study so accurate measurable income cannot be determined. The expenses related to sala ry are. For measuring the income, the salary related with expense will be get deduction so it will not be included while assessing the income. Operating expenses are also subject to deduction, but in the case study amount for that income is not given, so accurate deduction amount cannot be determined (Austlii.edu.au.2016). Conclusion On the basis of analysis, it can be said that the salary which is received by Stephanie and Ronald from the Rogan Advertising will be taken into consideration which is $ 80,000 for both of them. Then in case of Rogan Advertising the amount of salary will be treated as expense. Even the dividend received will be coming under assessable income as well as there are no franking credits are available. Similarly, the fees received as salary from Monash University will be considered as personal service income and will be coming under measurable income. Finally, to conclude the above given case study it can be said that Australian Taxation is one of the complex method for assessing the income as well as resident status. Reference and Bibliography Ato.gov.au. (2016).Home page | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/ [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Residency tests | Australian Taxation Office. 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